We are happy to announce that Vesta is back under active development as of 25 February 2024. We are working on v1 candidate and expect to engage more with the community over the coming months. We are committed to open source, and we encourage contributors to help us build the future of Vesta.
how to extract a database file only?
how to extract a database file only?
Water in the UK is commonly seen as both cheap and plentiful.Water costs around 0.07 pence a litre, plus a similar amount to dispose of once we have used it. Most people are therefore unconcerned with how much water they use, and this attitude can pervade the work place.
Most of us have much less idea about water efficiency than energy efficiency. But the supply, distribution and cleaning of water have a number of environmental impacts that make it worthy of consideration:
* Demand for water in the UK is increasing due to population growth, increasing wealth and the growing economy. The least cost method for meeting increased demand in the presence of a finite resource is clearly going to be water efficiency;
* water is an expensive substance to purify and move, both before use and afterwards when it has been converted into sewage;
* sewage treatment involves separating the solids from the liquids and then cleaning them separately, a process made easier if less water is added in the first place;
* much of the UK has no further capacity to abstract water from rivers or groundwater, particularly in summer months.
Despite worthy rhetoric about "sustainability", in practice the financial costs
of water more than the environmental indicators will be of interest to most businesses. Water bills include charges for surface water drainage and for disposing of trade effluent (according to volume and strength of effluent). Some companies may be on a large user tariff, and some may pay a different rate for being supplied with non-potable water (e.g. for process use), or a tariff that varies seasonally.
There is considerable potential to reduce the overall water bill, but the choice and costs of measures may vary greatly between organisations.
The following considerations are based on "office based" businesses using water only for conventional purposes within the building.
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Water efficiency should be your first resort; it is almost always easier to use less than to find more. Measures should start with the areas where the biggest savings can be made; a 70% saving may well be achievable in situations where no water efficiency measures currently exist. The water use of a typical daytime only office-type building is indicated in Figure I.
Toilets and urinals
We can see from Figure I that the major water use in office buildings is for toilet and urinal flushing. If your toilets are more than about five years old simply replacing them with modern ones can reduce water use in this area by 50%. Dual flush toilets are ideal for buildings with a high daytime use; a "half-flush" can use as little as three litres of water, and a full flush six litres, compared to a typical existing installation of nine litre cisterns.https://www.scoop.it/t/top-best-flushing-toilet-reviews
Under the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations, urinals must be fitted with devices to prevent them flushing when the building is not in use;otherwise in a building with a 40 hour working week, 76% of the urinal flushing will be occurring when the building isn't occupied!
There are several ways of doing this, including timers, people sensors and mechanical flushing. There are also a number of completely waterless urinals available, and the better quality models are less prone to smells, scale and blockage than conventional flushing urinals. These have the potential for even greater water savings than flush controllers, as even urinals that comply with current regulations can be using 75 litres of water per day per urinal bowl. Simple retrofit models are available that fit into existing urinal bowls and pay for themselves in a matter of months.
Taps
In the office cloakroom environment, users are rarely going to use the taps for anything other than rinsing their hands. Spray fittings will reduce the flow of water from a tap by 80%, and this will result in energy savings as well as water savings. Spray fittings can be retrofitted to existing taps. If new taps are specified, it is worth investigating electronic controls or timed push-taps which will prevent taps being left on unnecessarily- Source.
Plugging leaks
It's not as dramatic as installing new appliances, but it may be the single most cost effective water efficiency measure you carry out. Dripping taps or overflow pipes should be fairly easy to spot and a single dripping tap can easily waste 20 litres per day. This is 20 litres of clean water, 20 litres of sewage, and if it's a hot tap then the energy required to heat that water. Once you've remedied all the leaks you are aware of it's a good idea to check the water meter at night. If there isn't anybody in the building then the water meter shouldn't be going round! If it is, you've either got some water uses you weren't aware of, or there are more leaks that you haven't discovered yet.
Beyond the basics--water audit
If there are a large number of water using appliances, or your business includes processes requiring water, it is worth conducting a water audit of exactly how much water is being used in what area, so that water efficiency measures can be appropriately targeted.Your water company should be able to advise on the best way to approach this, as can some of the other information sources listed in the web links section (Focus Page 12) and below.
Water reuse and recycling
Once the simple measures have been implemented it may be worth considering other measures, including acquiring water from somewhere other than your mains water supplier. The following are all areas that deserve consideration if you use large volumes of non-potable water, either due to the scale of your business, or to some process use.
Rainwater harvesting
From Figure I we can see that a large proportion of the daily water use is for non-potable sources, so it may be cost effective to look at using a less intensively treated water supply for uses such as best toilet flushing. Rainwater can collected from the roof, passed through a coarse filter and then stored in underground tanks before being used for toilet flushing. Depending upon factors such as roof area, rainfall, storage capacity and non-potable water uses, businesses could expect to reduce their mains water bill by 40%. Owing to the costs of the infrastructure required, this is unlikely to be cost effective in buildings with roof areas greater than 200[m.sup.2] (although this is clearly dependent on the other factors described)-Source.
Other sources of non-potable water
Obtaining a private water supply can be a major undertaking, and in most cases it remains preferable to maintain a connection to mains water supplies. However, it may be possible to tap into groundwater or abstract from a river, particularly for non-potable sources.
Larger users
Privatisation of the water industry hasn't so far meant competition between suppliers, but this is about to change under the Water Bill currently passing through Parliament. It remains to be seen what effect this will have on pricing, but companies currently on large user tariffs would be well advised to keep themselves informed with a view to shopping around.
Don't forget drains
A consideration of water use in the urban environment would not be complete without a discussion of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). Historically, water falling on roofs and paved areas was regarded as something that should be removed and disposed of quickly. Unfortunately this has typically meant that this water has been directed into foul water drains.
This has resulted in the phenomenon of combined sewer overflow; during periods of heavy rainfall large quantities of raw or partially treated sewage mixed with industrial effluents and contaminated surface water is released directly into our water courses.
The water and sewerage companies are investing at the rate of around 8million/day[pounds sterling], much of which is being directed at the problem of combined sewers. Unfortunately, even where separate surface water drainage systems exist, the water from impermeable surfaces such as car parks, roads and pavements is of a quality that would adversely affect any receiving water course. And if these weren't problems enough, water runs off impermeable surfaces extremely fast--unless the flow is slowed down before reaching the water course it can cause flooding downstream.
In order to combat these problems, a new approach to drainage is becoming increasingly popular. It uses a combination of controlling both quantity and quality of water at source (e.g. by collection systems and pollution prevention), followed by slowing down the flow and cleaning the water (e.g. using filter drains, swales, detention basins and wetlands). Further information on SUDS is available from the sources listed below.https://medium.com/@toiletszones/how-to ... 97a73dd4df
Conclusions
The cost of supplying clean water and disposing of dirty water is set to increase as increasingly stringent European legislation comes online. You may not feet that you pay very much for your water, but an Envirowise estimate suggests that a company with 2million[pounnds sterling] turnover could save between 4,000[pounds sterling] and 16,000[pounds sterling] every year, through simple, quick to implement water efficiency measures. In addition to the financial aspects, water is a finite resource with high environmental and social costs associated with it. We don't appreciate its full worth in the UK, but on a global scale there are real prospects of countries going to war over water, so this situation is likely to change.
Most of us have much less idea about water efficiency than energy efficiency. But the supply, distribution and cleaning of water have a number of environmental impacts that make it worthy of consideration:
* Demand for water in the UK is increasing due to population growth, increasing wealth and the growing economy. The least cost method for meeting increased demand in the presence of a finite resource is clearly going to be water efficiency;
* water is an expensive substance to purify and move, both before use and afterwards when it has been converted into sewage;
* sewage treatment involves separating the solids from the liquids and then cleaning them separately, a process made easier if less water is added in the first place;
* much of the UK has no further capacity to abstract water from rivers or groundwater, particularly in summer months.
Despite worthy rhetoric about "sustainability", in practice the financial costs
of water more than the environmental indicators will be of interest to most businesses. Water bills include charges for surface water drainage and for disposing of trade effluent (according to volume and strength of effluent). Some companies may be on a large user tariff, and some may pay a different rate for being supplied with non-potable water (e.g. for process use), or a tariff that varies seasonally.
There is considerable potential to reduce the overall water bill, but the choice and costs of measures may vary greatly between organisations.
The following considerations are based on "office based" businesses using water only for conventional purposes within the building.
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Water efficiency should be your first resort; it is almost always easier to use less than to find more. Measures should start with the areas where the biggest savings can be made; a 70% saving may well be achievable in situations where no water efficiency measures currently exist. The water use of a typical daytime only office-type building is indicated in Figure I.
Toilets and urinals
We can see from Figure I that the major water use in office buildings is for toilet and urinal flushing. If your toilets are more than about five years old simply replacing them with modern ones can reduce water use in this area by 50%. Dual flush toilets are ideal for buildings with a high daytime use; a "half-flush" can use as little as three litres of water, and a full flush six litres, compared to a typical existing installation of nine litre cisterns.https://www.scoop.it/t/top-best-flushing-toilet-reviews
Under the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations, urinals must be fitted with devices to prevent them flushing when the building is not in use;otherwise in a building with a 40 hour working week, 76% of the urinal flushing will be occurring when the building isn't occupied!
There are several ways of doing this, including timers, people sensors and mechanical flushing. There are also a number of completely waterless urinals available, and the better quality models are less prone to smells, scale and blockage than conventional flushing urinals. These have the potential for even greater water savings than flush controllers, as even urinals that comply with current regulations can be using 75 litres of water per day per urinal bowl. Simple retrofit models are available that fit into existing urinal bowls and pay for themselves in a matter of months.
Taps
In the office cloakroom environment, users are rarely going to use the taps for anything other than rinsing their hands. Spray fittings will reduce the flow of water from a tap by 80%, and this will result in energy savings as well as water savings. Spray fittings can be retrofitted to existing taps. If new taps are specified, it is worth investigating electronic controls or timed push-taps which will prevent taps being left on unnecessarily- Source.
Plugging leaks
It's not as dramatic as installing new appliances, but it may be the single most cost effective water efficiency measure you carry out. Dripping taps or overflow pipes should be fairly easy to spot and a single dripping tap can easily waste 20 litres per day. This is 20 litres of clean water, 20 litres of sewage, and if it's a hot tap then the energy required to heat that water. Once you've remedied all the leaks you are aware of it's a good idea to check the water meter at night. If there isn't anybody in the building then the water meter shouldn't be going round! If it is, you've either got some water uses you weren't aware of, or there are more leaks that you haven't discovered yet.
Beyond the basics--water audit
If there are a large number of water using appliances, or your business includes processes requiring water, it is worth conducting a water audit of exactly how much water is being used in what area, so that water efficiency measures can be appropriately targeted.Your water company should be able to advise on the best way to approach this, as can some of the other information sources listed in the web links section (Focus Page 12) and below.
Water reuse and recycling
Once the simple measures have been implemented it may be worth considering other measures, including acquiring water from somewhere other than your mains water supplier. The following are all areas that deserve consideration if you use large volumes of non-potable water, either due to the scale of your business, or to some process use.
Rainwater harvesting
From Figure I we can see that a large proportion of the daily water use is for non-potable sources, so it may be cost effective to look at using a less intensively treated water supply for uses such as best toilet flushing. Rainwater can collected from the roof, passed through a coarse filter and then stored in underground tanks before being used for toilet flushing. Depending upon factors such as roof area, rainfall, storage capacity and non-potable water uses, businesses could expect to reduce their mains water bill by 40%. Owing to the costs of the infrastructure required, this is unlikely to be cost effective in buildings with roof areas greater than 200[m.sup.2] (although this is clearly dependent on the other factors described)-Source.
Other sources of non-potable water
Obtaining a private water supply can be a major undertaking, and in most cases it remains preferable to maintain a connection to mains water supplies. However, it may be possible to tap into groundwater or abstract from a river, particularly for non-potable sources.
Larger users
Privatisation of the water industry hasn't so far meant competition between suppliers, but this is about to change under the Water Bill currently passing through Parliament. It remains to be seen what effect this will have on pricing, but companies currently on large user tariffs would be well advised to keep themselves informed with a view to shopping around.
Don't forget drains
A consideration of water use in the urban environment would not be complete without a discussion of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). Historically, water falling on roofs and paved areas was regarded as something that should be removed and disposed of quickly. Unfortunately this has typically meant that this water has been directed into foul water drains.
This has resulted in the phenomenon of combined sewer overflow; during periods of heavy rainfall large quantities of raw or partially treated sewage mixed with industrial effluents and contaminated surface water is released directly into our water courses.
The water and sewerage companies are investing at the rate of around 8million/day[pounds sterling], much of which is being directed at the problem of combined sewers. Unfortunately, even where separate surface water drainage systems exist, the water from impermeable surfaces such as car parks, roads and pavements is of a quality that would adversely affect any receiving water course. And if these weren't problems enough, water runs off impermeable surfaces extremely fast--unless the flow is slowed down before reaching the water course it can cause flooding downstream.
In order to combat these problems, a new approach to drainage is becoming increasingly popular. It uses a combination of controlling both quantity and quality of water at source (e.g. by collection systems and pollution prevention), followed by slowing down the flow and cleaning the water (e.g. using filter drains, swales, detention basins and wetlands). Further information on SUDS is available from the sources listed below.https://medium.com/@toiletszones/how-to ... 97a73dd4df
Conclusions
The cost of supplying clean water and disposing of dirty water is set to increase as increasingly stringent European legislation comes online. You may not feet that you pay very much for your water, but an Envirowise estimate suggests that a company with 2million[pounnds sterling] turnover could save between 4,000[pounds sterling] and 16,000[pounds sterling] every year, through simple, quick to implement water efficiency measures. In addition to the financial aspects, water is a finite resource with high environmental and social costs associated with it. We don't appreciate its full worth in the UK, but on a global scale there are real prospects of countries going to war over water, so this situation is likely to change.
Last edited by producer on Tue May 15, 2018 8:43 am, edited 3 times in total.
Re: how to extract a database file only?
yes, use google with search query "extract 1 file from a tar archive". Plenty of answers to be found on stackexchange and stackoverflow. Or checkout: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-uni ... fic-files/
Re: how to extract a database file only?
Okay .... I will be more helpful :P
You are searching for the wrong file, as the sql is gzipped in the vesta tarball backup. The correct syntax is:
Just like to search in an archive for a file to get the path?
And the 3rd cmd line to unzip the DB too, all in 1 take? I will leave that up to you to post as reply for others to learn ;)
You are searching for the wrong file, as the sql is gzipped in the vesta tarball backup. The correct syntax is:
Code: Select all
tar xvf admin.2016-02-28.tar -C anotherDirectory/ admin_database.mysql.sql.gz
Code: Select all
tar -tf admin.2016-02-28.tar admin_database.mysql.sql.gz